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Getting Started with Library Research

An overview of the library research process in five steps.

Types of Sources - Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary (Video Tutorial)

Check out this short video (2:23) from Suffolk County Community College Library to understand how primary, secondary, and tertiary sources vary by discipline. Beyond definitions of source types, this video provides useful examples of what would be primary, secondary and tertiary sources for research questions in different disciplines. 

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources in Disciplines

Using the Source

What is considered a primary source can vary depending on how you are using the source. 

For instance, if you were analyzing how authors of popular magazine articles discussed the Boeing 737 MAX crashes, the magazine articles would serve as your primary sources. However, if you cited from a magazine article for your research paper on airline safety, the magazine would serve as a secondary source.

Different Disciplines

Disciplines may be more or less likely to work with specific types of primary sources. See this chart for examples.  If you unsure what is considered a primary source in your discipline, consult with your faculty instructor.

Discipline Humanities Sciences Social Sciences
Primary Source Examples creative works, diaries, interviews, news footage, maps

results of experiments, research and clinical trials

census data, statistics, results of experiments on human behavior
Secondary Source Examples books, journal articles, textbooks

books, journal articles, textbooks

books, journal articles, textbooks
Tertiary Source Examples reference materials, databases reference materials, databases

reference materials, databases