Using the Source
What is considered a primary source can vary depending on how you are using the source.
For instance, if you were analyzing how authors of popular magazine articles discussed the Boeing 737 MAX crashes, the magazine articles would serve as your primary sources. However, if you cited from a magazine article for your research paper on airline safety, the magazine would serve as a secondary source.
Different Disciplines
Disciplines may be more or less likely to work with specific types of primary sources. See this chart for examples. If you unsure what is considered a primary source in your discipline, consult with your faculty instructor.
Discipline |
Humanities |
Sciences |
Social Sciences |
Primary Source Examples |
creative works, diaries, interviews, news footage, maps |
results of experiments, research and clinical trials
|
census data, statistics, results of experiments on human behavior |
Secondary Source Examples |
books, journal articles, textbooks |
books, journal articles, textbooks
|
books, journal articles, textbooks |
Tertiary Source Examples |
reference materials, databases |
reference materials, databases |
reference materials, databases
|