Biology 150L (Beaster-Jones)

Why do we cite?

• Citations let your readers know where you got the information you used in your writing.
• They give credit to your sources and situate your work within the context of your field.
• Citing sources accurately and thoroughly demonstrates that you understand where your work fits in scholarly discourse and that you have reviewed literature relevant to your topic.

The information below is all taken from the References section of the manuscript preparation page belonging to the journal Development.

References in the text should be cited using the Harvard (name, date) referencing system.

Each reference cited in the text must be listed in the Reference list and vice versa: please check these carefully. Where references are cited only in supplementary information, please provide a separate supplementary reference list and do not include these in the main reference list.

Literature citations in text are as follows.

• One author – (Jones, 1995) or (Jones, 1995; Smith, 1996).
• Two authors – (Jones and Kane, 1994) or (Jones and Kane, 1994; Smith, 1996).
• More than two authors – (Jones et al., 1995) or (Jones et al., 1995a,b; Smith et al., 1994, 1995).
• Manuscripts accepted for publication but not yet published: include in Reference list and cite as (Jones et al., in press).
• Manuscripts posted on preprint servers but not yet published: include in Reference list and cite as (Smith et al., 2016 preprint).
• Citation of unpublished data: we strongly discourage the citation of unpublished data or data not shown. Where it is necessary, use the format (S.P. Jones, unpublished observations/data not shown); note that the editor or journal office may request that these data should be included prior to publication. Personal communications (the unpublished observations of scientists other than the authors) can only be cited with written permission from the scientist in question, and should be cited in the text using the format (full name, institution, personal communication). Unpublished work can not be included in the Reference list.
• PhD theses: include in Reference list and cite as (Smith, 2016 ).
• Datasets: we recommend that all publicly available datasets are fully referenced in the reference list with an accession number or unique identifier such as a DOI. Cite as (Jones and Jane, 1994).
• Authors should avoid citing articles from journals that are suspected to be predatory in nature (see https://thinkchecksubmit.org/ for an online resource designed to help researchers identify trusted journals).
• Citation of retracted articles is strongly discouraged. If it is necessary to cite a retracted paper, the notice of retraction must also be cited and it must be obvious to the reader that the article has been retracted. Editors may question why a retracted publication has been cited.

References are listed in alphabetical order according to surname and initials of first author.

• Use the following style:

  Journal

  Rivera, A. R. V., Wyneken, J. and Blob, R. W. (2011). Forelimb kinematics and motor patterns of swimming loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta): are motor patterns conserved in the evolution of new locomotor strategies? J. Exp. Biol. 214, 3314-3323.

  Book

  Hochachka, P. W. and Somero, G. N. (2002). Biochemical Adaptation: Mechanism and Process in Physiological Evolution. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

  Book chapter

  Feller, G. (2008). Enzyme function at low temperatures in psychrophiles. In Protein Adaptation in Extremophiles (ed. K. S. Siddiqui and T. Thomas), pp. 35-69. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

  Preprint server

  Baillie-Johnson, P., van den Brink, S. C., Balayo, T., Turner, D. A. and Martinez Arias, A. (2014). Generation of aggregates of mouse ES cells that show symmetry breaking, polarisation and emergent collective behaviour in vitro. bioRxiv doi:10.1101/005215.

  PhD thesis

  Jones, A. R. (2016). Title of thesis. PhD thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

  Dataset with persistent identifier

  Zheng, L.-Y., Guo, X.-S., He, B., Sun, L.-J., Peng, Y. and Dong, S.-S. (2011). Genome data from sweet and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). GigaScience Database. https://dx.doi.org/10.5524/100012.

  Kingsolver, J. G., Hoekstra, H. E., Hoekstra, J. M., Berrigan, D., Vignieri, S. N., Hill, C. E., Hoang, A., Gibert, P. and Beerli, P. (2001). Data from: The strength of phenotypic selection in natural populations. Dryad Digital Repository. https://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.166.

• If there are more than 10 authors, use 'et al.' after the 10th author.
• Within a group of papers with the same first author, list single author papers first, then papers with two authors, then et al. papers. If more than one reference exists for each type, arrange in date order. Use a and b for papers published in the same year.
• 'In press' citations must have been accepted for publication and the name of the journal or publisher included.