Big Picture
There are several versions of Chicago style, including Turabian style, which is a simplified version keyed toward students. Humanities disciplines frequently make use of the Notes and Bibliography system (NB), which allows writers to make footnotes and other commentary. Social sciences disciplines tend to use the Author-Date system.
In-Text Citations
In the Author-Date system, citations are placed into parentheses in the text in this order: author last name year of publication, page number, and then fully cited in the References section.
- Example: (Mueller 2014, 19)
- Multiple authors may be listed, or acknowledged with et al.
- Example: (Bennett, Sanders, and Lee 1998, 238)
- Example: (Bennett et al. 1998, 238)
More information on Author Date system (OWL Purdue).
More information on Author Date system (Trinity University).
Reference List...
- Author-Date style references should be named "References."
- Bibliographies / Reference lists should be in alphabetical order by the first letter in the first word of each entry.
- Write out names of first 3 authors.
- First author's name is inverted.
- If there are more than three but up to ten authors, write out the names of each author in the reference entry, but use First Author name et al in the in-text citations.
- Titles are headling style (title case); important words are capitalized and less important words are lower-case.
- Larger works e.g. book or journal are italicized.
- Smaller works e.g. book chapter, journal article are placed in "quotation marks".
- Use DOIs instead of URLs, if possible.
- Make DOIs active. See book examples from The Chicago Manual of Style Online. (VPN needed)
Basic Format for a Book in a Bibliography
Last name, First name. Title. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
See examples at Notes and bibliography - examples and variation (CMoS)
Basic Format for a Journal Article in a Bibliography
See Access dates for journal articles (CMoS) for an example. Access dates are not required.
